Post By: Hanan Mannan
Contact Number: Pak (+92)-321-59-95-634
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GSM - Architecture

A GSM network consists of several functional entities, whose functions and interfaces are defined. The GSM network can be divided into following broad parts.

• The Mobile Station (MS)
• The Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
• The Network Switching Subsystem (NSS)
• The Operation Support Subsystem (OSS)

Following is the simple architecture diagram of GSM Network:

The added components of the GSM architecture include the functions of the databases and messaging systems:

• Home Location Register (HLR)
• Visitor Location Register (VLR)
• Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
• Authentication Center (AuC)
• SMS Serving Center (SMS SC)
• Gateway MSC (GMSC)
• Chargeback Center (CBC)
• Transcoder and Adaptation Unit (TRAU)

Following is the diagram of GSM Netwrok along with added elements:

The MS and the BSS communicate across the Um interface, also known as the air interface or radio link. The BSS communicates with the Network Service Switching center across the A interface.

GSM network areas:

In a GSM network, the following areas are defined:

• Cell: Cell is the basic service area: one BTS covers one cell. Each cell is given a Cell Global Identity (CGI), a number that uniquely identifies the cell.
• Location Area: A group of cells form a Location Area. This is the area that is paged when a subscriber gets an incoming call. Each Location Area is assigned a Location Area Identity (LAI). Each Location Area is served by one or more BSCs.
• MSC/VLR Service Area: The area covered by one MSC is called the MSC/VLR service area.
• PLMN: The area covered by one network operator is called PLMN. A PLMN can contain one or more MSCs.